Localized Bullous Eruptions Caused by Extravasation of Commonly Used Intravenous Infusion Fluids

Abstract

Extravasation is a frequent complication associated with intravenous infusions. Two case histories are reported in which blister formation is one of the most striking features after the accident. The infusion fluids are no vesicants but commonly used intravenous infusion fluids. The factors on which the eventual extent of tissue damage depends are discussed, as are the mechanisms by which these factors cause damage on a cellular level. Experienced personnel, selecting the right location for the infusion, flexible catheters and frequent inspection of the infusion are important factors to prevent extravasation. If extravasation is suspected, the infusion should be stopped, aspiration should be performed, the extremity involved should be elevated, wet compresses should be applied and exact documentation of the accident is required.