Abstract
Localization is one of the most important issues associated with underwater acoustic sensor networks, especially when sensor nodes are randomly deployed. Given that it is difficult to deploy beacon nodes at predetermined locations, localization schemes with a mobile beacon on the sea surface or along the planned path are inherently convenient, accurate, and energy-efficient. In this paper, we propose a new range-free Localization with a Mobile Beacon (LoMoB). The mobile beacon periodically broadcasts a beacon message containing its location. Sensor nodes are individually localized by passively receiving the beacon messages without inter-node communications. For location estimation, a set of potential locations are obtained as candidates for a node's location and then the node's location is determined through the weighted mean of all the potential locations with the weights computed based on residuals.
Highlights
For a long time, there has been significant interest in monitoring underwater environments to collect oceanographic data and to explore underwater resources
Irregularities in the radius of the circle formed by the transceiver’s beam, and the location error of a mobile beacon all influence the accuracy of distance estimation between a sensor node and a projected beacon point, the localization accuracy is analyzed with respect to these factors
The localization accuracy performance of Localization with a Mobile Beacon (LoMoB) and LDB was compared through the average location error and the ratio of localized sensor nodes with location errors below 10 m according to the beacon distance, irregularities in the radius of the circle formed by the transceiver’s beam, and the location error of a mobile beacon
Summary
There has been significant interest in monitoring underwater environments to collect oceanographic data and to explore underwater resources. Range-based schemes that use the ToA and TDoA techniques have been proposed [5,6,7,8,9,10,13,14,15]. Time synchronization between sensor nodes is typically required for the ToA and TDoA techniques [6]. Localization is one of the challenges associated with underwater sensor networks and many studies have focused on localization in recent years Among these studies, LDB is a range-free localization scheme with a mobile beacon [16]. Because a sensor node can localize itself using its own received beacons from the AUV independently of the other sensor nodes, LDB has fine-grained accuracy even in sparse networks. LoMoB that obtains a set of potential locations as candidates for a node’s location using the bilateration method and localizes the sensor node through the weighted mean of all the potential locations with the weights computed based on residuals
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