Abstract
Recent studies in the field of autoimmune thyroid diseases have largely focused on the delineation of B-cell auto-epitopes recognized by the main autoantigens to improve our understanding of how these molecules are seen by the immune system. Among these autoantigens which are targeted by autoantibodies during the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases, thyroid peroxidase is a major player. Indeed, high amounts of anti-thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies are found in the sera of patients suffering from Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, respectively hyper and hypothyroidism. Since anti-thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies from patients'sera mainly recognize a discontinuous immunodominant region on thyroid peroxidase and due to the complexity of the three dimensional structure of human thyroid peroxidase, numerous investigations have been necessary to closely localize this immunodominant region. The aim of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the localization of the immunodominant region recognized by human thyroid peroxidase-specific autoantibodies generated during the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases.
Highlights
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases (AITD) are one of the most frequent organ-specific autoimmune diseases affecting more than 3% of the total population worldwide
The aim of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the localization of the immunodominant region recognized by human thyroid peroxidase-specific autoantibodies generated during the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases
It would be of great interest to determine in vivo, by using animals models for AITD, whether it will be possible to influence the diseases' course by using these peptidic immunomodulators interacting with antigen presentation of B-cells to T-cells
Summary
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases (AITD) are one of the most frequent organ-specific autoimmune diseases affecting more than 3% of the total population worldwide. To understand the role of anti-TPO aAbs in the pathogenesis of AITD and to shed new light on how the TPO molecule is seen by the immune system, the delineation of anti-TPO B-cell epitopes has been the goal of several studies during the last decades. These findings enabled a better localization of the discontinuous immunodominant region (IDR) with the description of several amino acid residues taking part in this highly complex structure. These data could be a great interest to rationally design competitors (such as peptides) which could be used in combination with other immunotherapies such as systemic antibody treatment, antigen-specific immunization or others generating antigen-specific regulatory T cells capable to block at least for a period of time, an ongoing autoimmune process and may synergize to delay hypothyroiditis
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