Localization of movable electrodes in a multi-electrode microdrive in nonhuman primates

Abstract

BackgroundRecently, large-scale semi-chronic recording systems have been developed, unique in their capability to record simultaneously from multiple individually moveable electrodes. As these recording systems can cover a large area, knowledge of the exact location of each individual electrode is crucial. Currently, the only method of keeping track of electrode depth and thus location is through detailed notebook keeping on neural activity. New MethodWe have improved the electrode localization by combining pre- and postoperative anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans with high resolution computed tomography (CT) scans throughout the experiment, and validated our method by comparing the resulting location estimates with traditional notebook-keeping. Finally, the actual location of a selection of electrodes was marked at the end of the experiment by creating small metallic depositions using electrical stimulation, and thereby made visible on MRI. ResultsCombining CT scans with a high resolution, artefact reducing sequence during the experiment with a preoperative MRI scan provides crucial information about the exact electrode location of multielectrode arrays with individually moveable electrodes. Comparison with Existing MethodsThe information obtained from the hybrid CT-MR image and the notes on spiking activity showed a similar pattern, with the clear advantage of the visualization of the exact position of the electrodes using our method. ConclusionsThe described technique allows for a precise anatomical identification of the recorded brain areas and thus to draw strong conclusions about the role of each targeted cortical area in the behavior under study.