Abstract
This paper demonstrates a new mechanism to localize mobile submerged sensors using only a single beacon node. In range-based localization, fast and accurate distance measurement is vital in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN). The knowledge of exact coordinates of the sensors is as important as the actuated data in underwater wireless sensor networks. Mostly bouncing technique is used to determine the distance between the beacon and the sensors. Moreover, to determine the coordinates, trilateration and multilateration technique is used; where using multiple beacons (usually three or more) is the most common approach. Nevertheless, because of many factors, this method gives less accurate results in distance measurements, which finally leads to determine erroneous coordinates. As TDOA is very ponderous to achieve in underwater environment because of time synchronization; again, using AOA is extremely difficult and challenging; TOA is the most common approach and is widely employed. However, it still needs precise synchronization. So, to determine the distances between beacon and sensor nodes, we have used a method based on Lambert-W function in this study, which is an approach based on RSS, and it avoids any synchronization. Besides, coordinates of the mobile sensors are calculated using Cayley-Menger determinant. In this paper, the method is derived and the accuracy is verified by simulation results.
Highlights
The underwater wireless communication is still a very challenging term in wireless communications
As radio signals cannot propagate much underwater, acoustic signals are widely used as a substitute
As seen in [2, 3], in underwater, acoustic signals are used for range measurements because radio signals cannot propagate much under water
Summary
The underwater wireless communication is still a very challenging term in wireless communications. In [6], the authors have proposed two methods for determining the distance of sensors in underwater using the transmission loss (TL), which can be acquired from the RSS. The authors of [5] proposed a method for localization based on sensors anchored to the seabed and the mobile sensors try to communicate directly with these anchored nodes to determine their position. Rahman [4] has introduced a method to localize underwater sensors using Cayley-Menger determinant They have used bouncing technique to calculate the necessary distances between the beacon and the sensors. The authors of [14] proposed a method to calculate the coordinates of submerged static sensors using a single beacon They used trilateration to solve the problem and they dealt with multipath fading during distance measurement.
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