Abstract
Cinchona ledgeriana produces several secondary metabolites. The main quinoline alkaloid, quinine that is widely used as an antimalarial drug, is most commonly extracted from the bark of Cinchona, and its leaves contain several other metabolites. Many studies have revealed that cell culture of Cinchona also produces quinine. Nevertheless, the sites of secondary metabolites accumulation are still elusive. This study is aimed at describing specific anatomical structures where alkaloids and some other secondary metabolites are accumulated as well as their localization in leaves and barks of C. ledgeriana, compared to those found in cultured cells. Fresh leaves and barks, and cells of C. ledgeriana were used for anatomical observation and histochemical tests. It was found that these plant parts have specialized structures, idioblast cells with elliptical- and spherical-shapes, scattered in leaf hypodermis, stem cortex, and secondary phloem. Unspecialized structures such as epidermis and palisade mesophyll tissues were also found accumulating some metabolites. Histochemical tests showed that bark and leaves contained alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic, and lipophilic compounds. Cultured cells presented positive results for alkaloids and terpenoids.
Highlights
Cinchona ledgeriana (Rubiaceae) is widely known as yellow bark or ledger bark, an important source of quinoline alkaloids
This study is aimed at describing specific anatomical structures where alkaloids and some other secondary metabolites are accumulated as well as their localization in leaves and barks of C. ledgeriana, compared to those found in cultured cells
In the soft drink industry, quinine is used as a bitter substance. It is useful in tanning industry and as cosmetic ingredients (Anderson et al 1986; Noriega et al 2015). Other secondary metabolites such as terpenoids, phenolics, lipophilic compounds, and flavonoids are usually produced by Cinchona plants for adaptation and self-defense, which are useful for human beings
Summary
Cinchona ledgeriana (Rubiaceae) is widely known as yellow bark or ledger bark, an important source of quinoline alkaloids. Quinine is the main quinoline alkaloid found in the bark of C. ledgeriana. Quinine is extensively used as an antipyretic drug and a tonic. In the soft drink industry, quinine is used as a bitter substance. It is useful in tanning industry and as cosmetic ingredients (Anderson et al 1986; Noriega et al 2015). Other secondary metabolites such as terpenoids, phenolics, lipophilic compounds, and flavonoids are usually produced by Cinchona plants for adaptation and self-defense, which are useful for human beings
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