Abstract
An indoor localization method using multiple input, multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) channel state information (CSI) is proposed as a method that can be implemented on wireless local area networks of a current standard without affecting their protocol structures and that does not require a training process for adaptation to indoor environments. In the proposed method, the CSI obtained by the MIMO-OFDM receivers of all access points upon successful reception of a data packet from a mobile terminal (MT) is processed in order to determine the location of the MT. The proposed method analyzes the multipath effect that appears in the CSI as multiple complex sinusoids by using the matrix pencil method in order to extract only terms that are contributed by direct paths from the MT to the access points. Localization is achieved using the direct-path terms on the basis of the maximum likelihood principle.
Highlights
Indoor localization is a hot research topic in the field of wireless communication owing to its capability to provide a wide range of location-based services for increasingly ubiquitous smart mobile devices
Wireless local area network (WLAN) technology based on the IEEE 802.11 standards is widely employed around the world for providing data connections to mobile devices
The proposed method will simultaneously exploit and be constrained by wireless local area network (WLAN) characteristics whereby WLANs are trending toward asynchronous networks of multiple input, multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) access points (APs) [1]
Summary
Indoor localization is a hot research topic in the field of wireless communication owing to its capability to provide a wide range of location-based services for increasingly ubiquitous smart mobile devices. Wireless local area network (WLAN) technology based on the IEEE 802.11 standards is widely employed around the world for providing data connections to mobile devices. The purpose of this paper is to propose a localization method that can be implemented using the infrastructure of a WLAN without affecting its protocol structure. A few localization methods based on the IEEE 802.11 standards have been proposed in the literature [7,8,9] and implemented commercially Most of these methods use the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) as data for location determination [7, 8]. The method proposed in the present paper uses the CSI obtained by the MIMO-OFDM receiver of each AP as data for location determination, without any measurement-based training. Because removing multipath reflection components in the CSI is an important step, the characteristics of indoor multipath propagation and the CSI are discussed first; the algorithm of the proposed method is described in detail
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