Abstract
Large gauge transformations (LGT) in asymptotically flat space are generated by charges defined at asymptotic infinity. No method for unambiguously localising these charges into the interior of spacetime has previously been established. We determine what this method must be, and use it to find localised expressions for the LGT charges. Applying the same principle to the case of a charged black hole spacetime leads to angle-dependent generalisations of the Smarr formula and the first law of black hole mechanics, both of which have important thermodynamical implications. In particular, the presence of a heat current intrinsic to the event horizon is observed.
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