Abstract
AbstractThe individual motion of grains in granular material has a strong influence on the macroscopic material behaviour, which is in particular the case for the phenomena of strain localisation in shear zones and justifies the need for techniques that incorporate a micro‐macro transition. In this contribution, granular media are investigated in three steps. Firstly, a microscopic particle‐based modelling is set up, where individual grains are considered as rigid uncrushable particles while their motion is obtained through Newton's equations of state. The inter‐particle contact forces are thereby determined via constitutive contact‐force formulations, which have to account for the envisaged material behaviour. The second step is the homogenisation of the obtained particle's displacements and contact forces through a particle‐centre‐based strategy towards continuum quantities. Therefore, Representative Elementary Volumes (REV) are introduced on the mesoscale and the specific construction of the REV boundary leads to the understanding of granular media as a micropolar continuum. Finally, in order to verify the homogenisation strategy, a continuum based micropolar model is applied to model localisation phenomena and a comparative study of the results is carried out in a qualitative way. (© 2014 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
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