Abstract
Local toxicity covers a wide range of possible injuries to the skin as well as to the underlying organism to which it happens to offer a protective enclosure. There are chemical and physical factors such as acids, alkalis, strong solvents, heat, cold, electromagnetic energy, and ultrasound that can damage the skin. Some chemicals can induce sensitization of the subject so that what were previously innocuous contacts with the agent become highly damaging on future contact and lead to disabling, painful, and pruritic eruptions. A wide spectrum of microorganisms are capable of invading and disrupting the normal functions of skin (fungi, bacteria, spirochetes, viruses). Severe systemic toxicity can be initiated solely by skin contact with some toxic chemicals, and these toxic agents may be much more damaging locally and systemically if they are in intimate contact with hydrated, warm, and macerated areas.
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