Abstract
Information such as census data, environmental records, and measures of neighborhood crime provide insight about the social and physical characteristics of different places, and about the people who live in them. Local statistics and place‐based analysis are used to look for spatial clustering (shared characteristics of people and of places) and also spatial heterogeneity (variations in characteristics from one place to another). Examples of place‐based analyses include neighborhood classifications and geodemographics. Local statistics include local indicators of spatial association (LISAs) and geographically weighted approaches.
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