Abstract
This paper discusses the evolution of U.S. seaports and the environmental initiatives enabling them to modernize and expand. These initiatives, such as the Port of Los Angeles Clean Air Action Plan, will likely be seen as watershed moments for transformational changes in the port and maritime industries. Seaport-related environmental and public health issues are addressed; solutions posed by local, federal, and international organizations are discussed and analyzed; and innovations in emissions-reducing technologies for both oceangoing vessels and the cargo-handling equipment employed by seaports and the areas surrounding these ports are explored.
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