Abstract
We propose scattered path loss based weighted centroid localization (WCL) algorithm for wireless video capsule endoscope (VCE). The main challenge in this approach is the random deviation in the measured received signal strength indicator (RSSI) caused by multipath propagation and shadowing effects of human body channel which in turn increases the localization error. To address this issue, we propose local parameter dependent path loss representation in the training phase and apply adaptive least square error (LSE) method to extract the parameters. Then, in the test phase, we estimate distance using the extracted parameters and the randomly scattered path loss. The position of capsule is estimated using non-degree based WCL followed by a calibration process. We propose suboptimal method of estimating the calibration coefficient and also compute the optimal value of coefficient analytically to set the benchmark. We develop a simulation platform using MATLAB to present the results and to verify the performance. We gradually increase the number of sensors and place them in different topologies using different dimensions. The obtained accuracy by our proposed suboptimal method of WCL is very close to the optimal benchmark for all cases. Our proposed approach also outperforms existing works in terms of localization accuracy.
Highlights
Wireless video capsule endoscopes (VCEs) are used to diagnose lesions along digestive tracts
As experimentation using real human body is not possible due to practical limitation, we develop a 3D simulation platform of VCE localization using MATLAB to verify the accuracy of our proposed algorithm considering the real radio propagation characteristics of human body channel
We have proposed scattered path loss based weighted centroid localization (WCL) algorithm to localize the video endoscopic capsule while it travels through the small intestine
Summary
Wireless video capsule endoscopes (VCEs) are used to diagnose lesions along digestive tracts. VCE localization is a process of determining the unknown location of the capsule while it travels through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. A group of sensors are used to localize the capsule. There are several positioning techniques in the literature [1], in general classified into range based [2–4] and range-free [5, 6]. Trilateration [2, 3] is a simple positioning technique, where the position of the mobile target is estimated by intersection of the circles centered on the fixed anchor node’s position, with a radius equal to the estimated distance between the mobile node and the anchor node. Weighted centroid localization (WCL) [6] gives more weights to nearer reference node than the remote reference nodes
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