Abstract
This study aimed to appraise the role of local institutions in adaptation to changing climate at the local level in the Bilate Basin Agropastoral Livelihood Zone of Ethiopia. Thirty-one years of climate data were analyzed by employing the Mann–Kendall trend and Sen’s slope test techniques. The survey was conducted on 400 households that were systematically randomized from 7066 households, while community-level data were collected through the participatory rural appraisal (PRA) technique. The entire analysis was framed by a tetragonal model. The results of the analysis indicated that temperature exhibited a significantly increasing trend, while rainfall, which is statistically related to temperature, showed a decreasing trend, resulting in lingering droughts and human and animal diseases. Major livestock declined by 69%. As a response, while Sidama indigenous institutions were well-functioning and nurtured through local knowledge, and the governmental and civic ones were entrenched with various limitations. Contextual fitness and compatibility, interplay, inclusiveness, and sustainability of their operations in temporal and spatial scales were some of their limitations. Therefore, federal and local governments should focus on monitoring, evaluating, and learning aspects of their grand strategies, review general education, farmers’ credit, and civic institutions’ governance policies and strengthen the synergy of civic, government, and indigenous institutions.
Highlights
IntroductionClimate change has become a global reality [1], and it will render large parts of the planet unfit for agriculture unless people manage it to mitigate its effects and adapt at the right time [1,2]
Education; Ministry of Finance; and the Ministry of Water, Irrigation, and Energy [39]. Their equivalents exist at regional and subregional levels, this study identified some vital national programs for climate change adaptation and mitigation that did not exist at local levels
Data revealed a significantly increasing temperature trend while the rainfall showed a decreasing trend that was not statistically significant. This variability of both climate variables resulted in droughts and diseases that collectively attributed to a decline in 60% of major livestock and farm yields, thereby affecting the rural community’s livelihoods and lives
Summary
Climate change has become a global reality [1], and it will render large parts of the planet unfit for agriculture unless people manage it to mitigate its effects and adapt at the right time [1,2] This change has a demanding impact on the lives and livelihoods of all human systems [3,4], involving several million firms and calling for trillions of decisions [5,6] in the form of responses at various levels from individuals to communities across the world [3,5,7,8,9]. Some of them supply climate-related information (informative role), while others disseminate it (broadcasting role)
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