Local Governments’ Roles as Connectors of Healthy Communities and Governance of Place ( breakout presentation )

Abstract

Background With opportunities to walk having been significantly diminished in many cities over the last fifty-plus years, developed societies in particular are leading increasingly sedentary lifestyles and witnessing firsthand the consequential health impacts. Therefore, a strong case exists for urban planning initiatives that address community health concerns and reduce non-communicable diseases. Aims This paper’s aims are twofold: To examine current governance structures in terms of provision of walkable (healthy) communities in Australia and elsewhere as a response to the above community health considerations; and secondly to further delve into how this role can be fostered as the centrepiece or meeting point of “grassroots and government” to create more walkable localities and healthier communities. This is likely to be of interest to health and built environment professionals, and also to community members interested in advocacy roles. Method The current state of play in Australia regarding walkability and health is examined, and using a socio-ecological framework examines the Australian urban governance model against a global context, briefly comparing it to some North American and European cases. Data from surveys and interviews undertaken with built environment practitioners and healthy urban design and planning advocates are then presented through a multiple streams lens, focusing on local scale governance and initiatives, and community health and walkability. Results This paper identifies Australian local governments as being at a critical crossroads between “grassroots and government” where considerations of walkability and community health are concerned. While higher levels of governance act as important enablers to community health promotion, local governments remain significant ‘place shapers’ and stakeholders of built environments. However the current Australian situation can be seen to create disparities in walkable areas (and health) spatially. Nevertheless, the identification of this presents opportunities for a true connection of grassroots and governance, with place-based, walkable solutions the ultimate (and achievable) target. Conclusion Local government currently plays a significant role in community health in Australia. However, this paper argues that as the intersection between community and government, the role of local government can provide even greater community health benefits, including through improved planning and provision of walkable places.