Abstract
The present work focused on the utilization of three local wastes, i.e., rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), langsat (Lansium parasiticum), and mango (Mangifera indica) wastes, as organic substrates in a benthic microbial fuel cell (BMFC) to reduce the cadmium and lead concentrations from synthetic water. Out of the three wastes, the mango waste promoted a maximum current density (87.71mA/m2) along with 78% and 80% removal efficiencies for Cd2+ and Pb2+, respectively. The bacterial identification proved that Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter, and Citrobacter were responsible for metal removal and energy generation. In the present work, the BMFC mechanism, current challenges, and future recommendations are also enclosed.
Highlights
Modern human society faces critical challenges arising from the crisis of renewable energy and clean water supply around the world
The benthic microbial fuel cell (BMFC) adheres to the same basic Microbial fuel cell (MFC) principles as described above, whereby ocean sediment acts as the nutrient-rich anodic media, the inoculum, and the proton-exchange membrane (PEM) (Li et al 2017)
Several studies have been reported on the utilization of waste organic substrates in MFC; little work has been done for the BMFC cases, in terms of heavy metal removal (Joiner et al 2020; Tavakolian et al 2020)
Summary
Modern human society faces critical challenges arising from the crisis of renewable energy and clean water supply around the world. This work demonstrated that BMFC is a technology capable of generating bioenergy, which is derived from the oxidation of natural wastes in an anodic chamber, in a process combined with the removal of heavy metals from synthetic water. All BMFC experiments were performed at room temperature under continuous operation for 45 days to allow the biofilm formation and the evaluation of pH and temperature on energy generation and metal removal efficiencies.
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