Abstract
With an estimated 50% of global land held, used, or otherwise managed by communities, interfacing indigenous, customary, and informal land tenure systems with official land administration systems is critical to achieving universal land tenure security at a global scale. The complexity and organic nature of these tenure systems, however, makes their modelling and documentation within standard, generic land administration systems extremely difficult. This paper presents a model that loosely integrates a Local Domain Model (LDM) developed for a Maasai community in Kenya with the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM). The LDM is an ontological schema which captures local knowledge in a systematic, formal way that is directly or indirectly relevant to land administration. The integration with LADM is achieved through an ontological schema called the Adaptor Model. The concept of conditional RRR (Rights, Restrictions, Responsibilities) is introduced within the Adaptor Model to express the dynamics of social tenures. The three domain models LDM, LADM, Adaptor Model are used in the community-based land tenure recording tool SmartSkeMa. Four implementation examples demonstrate how the case-specific LDM extends the range of concepts representable in LADM in order to meet land administration needs from the local community’s perspective. A panel of land administration experts found the LDM model and the functionality of the Adaptor Model to be fit-for-purpose for the Kenyan case and to be addressing an important gap in the land administration tools landscape.
Highlights
Modern Land Administration Systems (LAS) are structured to sup port the four main land administration functions: land tenure, land value, land use, and land development (Williamson, 2001)
Building on the idea of the STDM, using the principles of the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM), and taking advantage of the knowledge modeling tools offered by formal ontologies, we develop a novel, smart scheme called the Adaptor Model (AM) which helps to capture several dynamic aspects of land tenure relations
Before we describe the reasoning applied by AM to derive LADM-typed spatial representations, it is useful to first describe how spatial concepts are modeled in the Local Domain Model (LDM)
Summary
Modern Land Administration Systems (LAS) are structured to sup port the four main land administration functions: land tenure, land value, land use, and land development (Williamson, 2001) They often implement many of the processes outlined in the 1996 United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Land Administration Guidelines. The general pattern involves elaborating the types and relationships between the triple of concepts: Party (a natural or legal entity), RRR (Rights, Restrictions, and Responsibilities), and Spatial Unit (a re presentation of a physical portion of space) that may exist in the system To this end, several models of the land administration domain have been developed by the land administration community.
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