Local Delivery and Controlled Release Drug Systems in Periodontal Diseases

Abstract

Periodontal disease, a prevalent chronic inflammatory condition impacting the structures supporting teeth, remains a leading cause of adult tooth loss. This ailment involves inflammatory processes around teeth, resulting in the degradation of supporting tissues, including bone and connective tissues. The formation of pockets between teeth and gums becomes a breeding ground for bacteria, exacerbating the infection. Treatment strategies encompass a blend of professional dental care, self-care routines, and, when necessary, surgical interventions. The primary objectives are infection control, inflammation reduction, and prevention of further damage to toothsupporting structures. The emergence of microbial resistance and challenges like poor tissue penetration with conventional antibiotic use prompted the development of local delivery drug systems for periodontitis. Local drug delivery systems specifically target bacteria in the inflamed periodontal pocket, releasing active drugs in a controlled manner. This approach aims to manage periodontitis effectively while minimizing systemic dissemination of drugs. This review article aims to offer a comprehensive overview, exploring the current state, clinical applications, challenges, and potential advancements in local drug delivery and controlled release systems for treating periodontal diseases.