Abstract
Investigation into modulatory effects of local condiments produced from fermented legume (African locust bean and soybean) seeds on activities of enzymes relevant to endothelial function and cardiovascular disease (arginase, phosphodiesterase‐5, acetylcholinesterase, and, ecto 5′‐nucleotidase) in vitro was the focus of this study. The condiments were prepared according to traditional methods of fermentation. Thereafter, modulatory effects of aqueous extracts from the condiments on activities of the enzymes were subsequently carried out. Results showed the extracts significantly inhibited activities of arginase, phosphodiesterase‐5 and acetylcholinesterase, while the activity of ecto 5′‐nucleotidase was stimulated at sample concentrations tested. Thus, the observed enzyme modulatory properties exhibited by the condiments could be novel mechanisms to support their use as functional foods and nutraceuticals for the management of cardiovascular disease and associated endothelial dysfunction.
Highlights
Despite worldwide medical campaign, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the principal cause of death in both developed and developing countries
This study revealed that both fermented locust bean (FLC) and fermented soybean (FSY) extracts inhibited the activity of arginase in cardiac tissue homogenate
Elevated arginase activity has been identified in cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. (Morris et al, 2003)
Summary
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the principal cause of death in both developed and developing countries. Modulations of activities of some enzymes (acetylcholinesterase, arginase, phosphodiesterase-5 and ecto-5′- nucleosidase) has been studied as therapeutic targets in improving NO bioavailability, thereby ameliorating endothelial dysfunction and CVD. Phosphodiesterase is responsible for the hydrolysis of cyclic 3, 5 adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3, 5 cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) Inhibitors of this enzyme function to conserve cGMP which is involved in NO-mediated cGMP vasodilation (Kukreja et al, 2004). While the medicinal properties of fermented legume seeds including fermented pigeon pea, Bambara groundnut, African locust bean, and soybean in the management of CVD such as hypertension has been reported (Ademiluyi & Oboh, 2015; Lee, Lai, & Wu, 2015), the possible underlying mechanisms have not been sufficiently studied. This study was designed to investigate the modulatory effect of extracts from fermented locust bean and soybean on activities of AChE, PDE- 5′, arginase, and ecto-5′nucleosidase enzymes which are linked to endothelial function and CVD
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