Abstract
The current application of local climate zones (LCZs) often ends with (inter)zonal comparation of land surface temperature (LST) or air temperature (AT). LST evaluation employs an enhanced concept of LCZs together with cluster analysis for LCZs grouped based on LST. The paper attempts to combine them into a complex approach derived from the case study on a medium-sized Central European city (Hradec Králové, the Czech Republic). In particular, the paper addresses the following. (i) The relation of LST and AT, when the daily course of temperature profile ranging clear off the surface up to 2 m was fitted by a rational 2D function. The obtained equation enables derivation of the AT from LST and vice versa. (ii) The differences in thermal response of LCZs based on LST or AT, where the highest average LST and average maximum LST show LCZs 10, 2, 3 and 8, i.e., with a significant proportion of artificial surfaces. The cluster of LCZs with a significant representation of vegetation, LCZs 9, B, D, A and G, have significantly lower LST. (iii) The contribution of LCZs to understanding of LST/AT relation and whether their specific relation could be expected in particular LCZs, when subsequent interaction assessment of LST and AT revealed statistically their significant correlation in LCZs for certain cases.
Highlights
Accepted: 12 October 2021Increasing urbanization and related issues such as the formation of specific urban environments deserves enormous attention of all the relevant stakeholders including scientists, as 70% of the global population is predicted to live in cities by 2050 [1]
air temperature (AT) differences in Hradec Králové were compared with respective surface temperature differences
It is obvious that the developed model is not universally valid; it indicates the pathway for the construction of the complex approach which enables direct derivation of AT from remote sensing as a substitute for problematic ground monitoring
Summary
Increasing urbanization and related issues such as the formation of specific urban environments deserves enormous attention of all the relevant stakeholders including scientists, as 70% of the global population is predicted to live in cities by 2050 [1]. The method of urban morphometry based on aerial photography is globally applicable Another classification of distinct urban forms according to their ability to influence local climate breaks city terrain down into seven homogenous regions called “urban climate zones” (UCZ) [24]. The review study [28] revealed that LCZ classification has proven to be a universally applicable method of description of the physical environment for the purposes of urban climate research. Research and be development is the appropriate universal protocol of LCZs mapping, with easy-to-understand workflow which uses freely available data and software and is applicable by someone without specialist knowledge in spatial analysis or urban climate science [29].
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