Abstract
Identification of identity through eye is gaining more and more importance. Commonly, the researchers approach the eye from any of three parts, the iris, the circumference around the eye, and the iris and its circumference. This study follows a holistic approach to identity identification by using the iris and whole periocular area and proposes a periocular recognition system (PRS) that has been developed using the Local Binary Pattern (LBP) technique combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) at the feature extraction stage and the k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) algorithm as a classifier at the classification stage. This system achieves identity recognition through three steps: pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification. Pre-processing is applied to the images so as to convert them to grayscale. In the feature extraction step, the LBP method is applied to extract the texture feature from the images and use it in PCA to reduce data dimensionality and obtain the relevant data so that only the important features are extracted. These two steps are applied both in the training phase and the testing phase of image processing. On the other hand, the testing data sets are processed using the k-NN classifier. The proposed PRS was tested on data drawn from the PolyU database using more than one basis of system experience. Specifically, the system performance was tested once on all 209 subjects present in the database and once on 140 subjects. This database also contains images taken in the visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) regions of the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) spectrum. So, the system was tested on images taken in both regions separately for matching. As well, the proposed PRS benefited from the availability of images for the right and left perioculars. Performance was, therefore, tested on images of each side of the periocular area (the left and right sides) separately, as well as for the combination of the two sides. The identity recognition rates characteristic of the proposed PRS were most often higher than the recognition rates produced by systems reported in the literature. The highest recognition accuracy obtained from the proposed system, which is 98.21%, was associated with the 140-subject data sub-set.
Highlights
Nowadays, security of systems is more important than the systems themselves and authentication serves as the first line of defense against any unauthorized persons
This study develops and proposes a periocular recognition system (PRS) based on feature extraction with Local Binary Pattern (LBP) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
The proposed system was tested on the PolyU Cross-Spectral Iris dataset and its performance was compared with levels of performance of contemporary PRSs based on the recognition rate
Summary
Security of systems is more important than the systems themselves and authentication serves as the first line of defense against any unauthorized persons. Periocular authentication is an automated method of biometric identification that applies mathematical pattern recognition techniques on the video images of one or both of the eyes of a person, whose complex patterns are unique, stable, and can be seen from some distance. According to Kumari and Seeja [2], authentication based on the periocular region builds on features taken from both the face and iris. In this context, the periocular biometric expresses the facial region right close to the eye [2], and the periocular region, which is the area around the eye, encircles the eyebrows, eyelashes, eyelids, and the adjacent skin area [3]. It is a research goal to establish performance metric for features of the periocular area so that their likely use in combination with the face or iris can be assessed
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