LOCAL AND TRADITIONAL VARIETIES OF DURUM WHEAT FROM THE AZERBAIJAN IN THE SOUTH DAGESTAN CONDITIONS

Abstract

Studies on durum wheat were carried out in 2018–2020 on experimental plots of the Dagestan experimental station branch of the VIR. The climatic conditions were typical over the past decade due to global warming: warm autumn, almost no snow in winter, early spring and dry summer. Sowing was carried out in the third decade of October for vegetable predecessors (beet seed plants), where increased doses of complex fertilizers (nitrogen and phosphorus) were applied. Warm and wet conditions of winter and spring, two water-charging irrigations in autumn and vegetative in spring, as well as a top dressing with ammonium nitrate (2.0 c / ha) in the phase of the beginning of tube emergence contributed to the formation of good stalks and productive ears of plants. In total 458 samples of the durum wheat world collection from the mountain, foothill and plain zones of Azerbaijan for breeding and valuable traits have been studied: early maturity, resistance to fungal diseases, productivity and its components. Highlighted productive varieties of durum wheat with a high adaptive potential, which can be used both for purely genetic research and in practical breeding to improve existing varieties and develop new ones.