Local and systemic reactions associated with COVID-19 vaccines: logistic regression analysis

Abstract

Objective: Universal vaccination is one of the most effective measures to control the COVID-19 epidemic. However, adverse reactions sometimes occur after vaccination. Therefore, we investigated the local and systemic adverse reactions associated with COVID-19 vaccines. Methods: We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional survey from 1 December 2021 to 28 February 2022 in Jiangsu, China to analyze skin and systemic reactions. We collected questionnaires from vaccination sites, communities, and hospitals. Participants could either complete an online survey using the WeChat-based survey program Questionnaire Star or complete a paper questionnaire. Individual participants remained anonymous both during and after data collection. Results: A total of 2136 participants successfully completed the survey. The most common symptoms were pain, swelling, and subcutaneous induration. Common systemic reactions were fatigue, muscle soreness, and dizziness and headache. The risk of reactions was associated with sex; age; history of allergy to vaccinations; history of eczema, dermatitis, or urticaria; and receiving the same type of vaccine from different manufacturers. Conclusions: Overall, our results indicated that many factors can influence the occurrence of local and systemic reactions associated with COVID-19 vaccines.