Abstract
The dermatologic indications for local and regional infiltrated anesthesia are abundant. Local infiltrative anesthesia is considered safe and effective for an array of procedures including excisions, biopsies, wound closures, skin grafting, cauterization, nonablative laser, and ablative skin resurfacing. Few contraindications to local and regional infiltrated anesthesia exist but should be screened for during the preoperative consultation. Numerous techniques for achieving adequate local and regional anesthesia have been described, including practices to lessen the pain associated with injection. Common side effects of local infiltrative anesthesia include pain, erythema, edema, bleeding, and ecchymoses. While overall well tolerated and commonly used, local and regional infiltrative anesthetic procedures do carry risks for toxicity and death. A comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology, technique, and potential adverse events of various local and regional infiltrated anesthetics is critical to improve patient satisfaction and safety.
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