Local and geographical factors jointly drive elevational patterns of phytoplankton in the source region of the Yangtze River, China

Abstract

AbstractLittle information about biodiversity patterns in high‐elevation aquatic systems has been gathered, even though these patterns are important for understanding the impacts of human activities. The source region of the Yangtze River, a typical alpine zone with vulnerable and sensitive ecosystems, was selected. Phytoplankton, which play a critical functional role as freshwater primary producers, serve as an important ecological indicator of aquatic systems. Here, systematic surveys on the water environment and phytoplankton were carried out to examine how the phytoplankton community varies with elevation based on hypothesized structural equation models (SEMs) in 10 typical rivers of the Yangtze River source region in March and October 2018. In total, 58 species of phytoplankton belonging to 28 genera were identified. The relationship between species abundance and elevation for phytoplankton showed unimodal elevational patterns. The results of the SEMs showed that all studied aspects affecting the phytoplankton community were directly or indirectly associated with elevation. The synergistic effects of human activities and basic environmental factors (terrestrial productivity and slope gradient) were the drivers affecting the phytoplankton community in the Yangtze River source region. Climate, topography, human activities and other factors are significantly different with changes in elevation, resulting in significant differences in the structure of aquatic communities at different elevations. Human activities were the major drivers affecting the phytoplankton community along the elevational gradient. As the elevation decreased, the disturbances to aquatic ecosystems caused by human activities intensified in the study area.