Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging paradigm that proposes the connection of objects to exchange information in order to reach a common objective. In IoT networks, it is expected that the nodes will exchange data between each other and with external Internet services. However, due to deployment costs, not all the network devices are able to communicate with the Internet directly. Thus, other network nodes should use Internet-connected nodes as a gateway to forward messages to Internet services. Considering the fact that main routing protocols for low-power networks are not able to reach suitable performance in the displayed IoT environment, this work presents an enhancement to the Lightweight On-demand Ad hoc Distance-vector Routing Protocol—Next Generation (LOADng) for IoT scenarios. The proposal, named LOADng-IoT, is based on three improvements that will allow the nodes to find Internet-connected nodes autonomously and dynamically, decreasing the control message overhead required for the route construction, and reducing the loss of data messages directed to the Internet. Based on the performed assessment study, which considered several number of nodes in dense, sparse, and mobility scenarios, the proposed approach is able to present significant results in metrics related to quality-of-service, reliability, and energy efficiency.
Highlights
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a wide concept that has attracted attention from the research community in recent years [1]
This work presents a new improvement to the LOADng routing protocol in IoT scenarios when the network devices have different capacities and use different message types
The proposed LOADng-IoT does not require a previous definition of gateways and, it can find the most appropriated Internet node to forward messages
Summary
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a wide concept that has attracted attention from the research community in recent years [1]. The term IoT can be used to describe a pervasive and ubiquitous network in which devices exchange information between each other without the requirement for human intervention [2] This network can be used by applications of a wide variety and with varying objectives, such as smart homes and cities [3], industrial automation [4], smart markets [5], and healthcare systems [6,7]. Other nodes from the same network, due to hardware limitations, cannot have a direct Internet connection and require the use of the Internet-connected nodes to access external services All of these nodes can exchange information in a local context without the necessity of transmitting data to the Internet. In an LLN, the network performance is strongly related to how the routing protocols use the limited hardware resources of the network devices
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