Abstract
Due to the increased complexity and nonlinear nature of microgrid systems such as photovoltaic, wind-turbine fuel cell, and energy storage systems (PV/WT/FC/ESSs), load-frequency control has been a challenge. This paper employs a self-tuning controller based on the fuzzy logic to overcome parameter uncertainties of classic controllers, such as operation conditions, the change in the operating point of the microgrid, and the uncertainty of microgrid modeling. Furthermore, a combined fuzzy logic and fractional-order controller is used for load-frequency control of the off-grid microgrid with the influence of renewable resources because the latter controller benefits robust performance and enjoys a flexible structure. To reach a better operation for the proposed controller, a novel meta-heuristic whale algorithm has been used to optimally determine the input and output scale coefficients of the fuzzy controller and fractional orders of the fractional-order controller. The suggested approach is applied to a microgrid with a diesel generator, wind turbine, photovoltaic systems, and energy storage devices. The comparison made between the results of the proposed controller and those of the classic PID controller proves the superiority of the optimized fractional-order self-tuning fuzzy controller in terms of operation characteristics, response speed, and the reduction in frequency deviations against load variations.
Highlights
As the world's energy consumption increases, conventional power systems are facing issues such as environmental concerns, the high cost of constructing new power plants, restrictions on the construction of transmission and distribution lines, and the shortage of fossil fuels (Zhang et al, 2006)
This paper presents a control based on the multivariable generalized predictive control (MGPC) for an load frequency control (LFC) in an islanded microgrid [20]
The proposed method has shown better performance compared to other controllers
Summary
As the world's energy consumption increases, conventional power systems are facing issues such as environmental concerns, the high cost of constructing new power plants, restrictions on the construction of transmission and distribution lines, and the shortage of fossil fuels (Zhang et al, 2006). A fuzzy method has been used to overcome the constant parameters of the classical PID controller In this method, the fuzzy self-tuning controller, in addition to overcoming the PID problem, is able to support the uncertainties caused by the modeling and parametric changes of the system, as well as changing the operating conditions and operating points of the system and provides desirable performance. The use of fractional-order control systems increases the response speed and improves the performance of the control system in reducing the frequency deviation. The proposed control method is applied in an islanded microgrid that includes diesel generators, wind turbines, photovoltaic systems, fuel cells, and energy storage systems. The simulation results prove the efficiency and high performance of the proposed optimized selftuning fractional-order fuzzy controller in load-frequency control. The proposed method has shown better performance compared to other controllers
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