Abstract
Recent research activities have shown that opportunistic routing can achieve considerable performance gains in Cognitive Radio Ad hoc Networks (CRAHNs). Most of these studies focused on designing appropriate metrics to select and prioritize the forwarding candidates. However, in multiple‐flow networks, a small number of nodes may always be with the higher priority order for different flows. Thus, some nodes may easily become overloaded with too much traffic and be severely congested. To overcome this problem, we propose a load balancing opportunistic routing (LBOR) scheme to maximize the total throughput of the whole network. We first formulate the problem of maximizing the total throughput of the network as a linear programming problem. Then, we develop heuristic load balancing candidate forwarder sorting and selection algorithms. Simulation results and comparisons demonstrate that our proposed LBOR scheme outperforms existing opportunistic routing protocols with nonload balancing methods in CRAHNs.
Highlights
Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) [1] have been considered as a promising solution to improve the efficiency of spectrum usage and alleviate the spectrum scarcity problem
In this case, when the number of flows increases from 15 flows to 25 flows, the throughput of all three schemes starts increasing as more secondary users (SUs) receivers are involved, and more parallel concurrent transmissions occur
When more flows are involved, the throughput of load balancing opportunistic routing (LBOR) still increases with increasing number of flows
Summary
Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) [1] have been considered as a promising solution to improve the efficiency of spectrum usage and alleviate the spectrum scarcity problem. In CRNs, secondary users (SUs) can opportunistically access the spectrum as long as the primary users (PUs) do not occupy the licensed spectrum at a particular time and a specific geographic area. Cognitive Radio (CR) technology can be combined with ad hoc networks, which is called cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs), in which wireless devices can dynamically establish networks using the vacant spectrum bands allocated to PUs without the need of fixed infrastructures. Opportunistic routing can better fit the need with unreliable wireless links in CRAHNs
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