Load balancing mechanism for clustered PMIPv6 protocol

Safwan M Ghaleb,Zuriati Ahmad Zukarnain,Abdullah Muhammed,Shamala Subramaniam

doi:10.1186/s13638-018-1137-y

Safwan M Ghaleb, Zuriati Ahmad Zukarnain + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-018-1137-y

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Abstract

Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) has become a credible member of pertinent research areas. This is attributed mainly to its capability of enabling mobility without imposing constraints or requirements on the mobile node (MN). This MN shield is enabled due to the transferring of mobility-related signaling to a new entity, which is called Mobile Access Gateway (MAG). However, associating MNs to a specific MAG inside the PMIPv6 network increases the MAG load probability. Thus, several research have enhanced the PMIPv6 protocol to improve its basic specifications and performance. Strategies include protocols, which apply the clustering technique to enhance the overall performance of the PMIPv6 in terms of routing, scalability, lifetime, and load balancing. The load balancing mechanism is considered in the non-clustered protocols. However, this mechanism has not been adopted in clustering-based protocols. Thus, pertaining to the load and the respective assignments is critical. In this article, to address these issues, a new load balancing mechanism is proposed among MAGs for Cluster-based Proxy Mobile IPv6 (CSPMIPv6) protocol. The signaling within the CSPMIPv6 has been enhanced to support the proposed load balancing mechanism. The proposed mechanism employs the inter- and intra-domain on a frequent basis to select the best MAG among the candidate MAGs. The new mechanism has improved the performance to create an evident improvement in terms of average queuing delay, handover latencies, transmission rate, end-to-end delay, and packet loss as compared to the LBM-PMIPv6 mechanism and CSPMIPv6 protocol.

Highlights

In Mobile Internet Protocol (MIP), the high involvement of mobile node (MN) in the mobility-related signaling causes several serious issues
The proposed mechanism applied on the standard Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) protocol, which means that the Mobile Access Gateway (MAG) belong to the same domain
In the load balancing (LB)-CPMIPv6 mechanism, if there is only one domain, the serving MAG selects the Target MAG (TMAG) according to its load and based on received signal strength (RSS) reported from handover MN (HMN)

Summary

Introduction

In Mobile Internet Protocol (MIP), the high involvement of MNs in the mobility-related signaling causes several serious issues. The MN is required to register with the home agent (HA) whenever the MN changes its point of attachment. Addressing these problems associated with the MIP protocol, the Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) has been developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in order to effectively handoff operations to MNs [2]. This is done by adding a new entity, named Mobile Access Gateway (MAG) that takes over the responsibility of mobility configuration from the MN.

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