Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic autoinflammatory disease, and the synovial hyperplasia, pannus formation, articular cartilage damage and bone matrix destruction caused by immune system abnormalities are the main features of RA. The use of Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) has achieved great advances in the therapy of RA. Yet there are still patients facing the problem of poor response to drug therapy or drug intolerance. Current therapy methods can only moderate RA progress, but cannot stop or reverse the damage it has caused. Recent studies have reported that there are a variety of long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) that have been implicated in mediating many aspects of RA. Understanding the mechanism of LncRNAs in RA is therefore critical for the development of new therapy strategies and prevention strategies. In this review, we systematically elucidate the biological roles and mechanisms of action of LncRNAs and their mechanisms of action in RA. Additionally, we also highlight the potential value of LncRNAs in the clinical diagnosis and therapy of RA.
Highlights
Autoimmune diseases cause tissue damage through the physiological immune response to autoantigens
Reducing M1 type macrophages and increasing M2 type macrophages can restore the dynamic balance of M1/M2 by targeting long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) associated with macrophage polarization, which is expected to become a new strategy for Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment
The results indicate that LncRNA DC, ANRIL, MALAT1, ZFAS1 may be involved in the occurrence and development of RA (58)
Summary
Autoimmune diseases cause tissue damage through the physiological immune response to autoantigens. (2) Decoy LncRNAs, acting as molecular sponges, bind with transcription factors and sequesters them from target genes (3) Guide LncRNAs bind ribonucleoprotein complexes, which are localized to specific DNA sequence (4) Scaffold LncRNAs play the role of a central platform. This type of LncRNAs can realize the exchange of information and the integration between different signaling pathways by combining with several related transcription factors. As the important regulator of immune cell differentiation and activation, LncRNAs have been generally recognized for its role in autoimmune processes and autoimmune diseases (11). We will discuss the prospects of LncRNAs in the clinical diagnosis and therapy of RA
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