Abstract
BackgroundThe abnormal expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs and long ncRNAs, often contribute to the development of cancers. miR-200c functions as a tumour suppressor that impacts the growth of bladder cancer cells and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). LncRNA X inactive specific transcript (XIST) is highly expressed in tumour tissues, promotes cancer progression and might act as an miRNA molecular sponge. This study aimed to examine the relationship between lncRNA XIST and miR-200c and to assess their functions in the regulation of the stemness properties and tumourigenicity of human bladder cancer stem cell (BCSC)-like cells.MethodsBiological effects including cell clone formation, sphere formation, self-renewal properties and mouse tumourigenesis were examined in BCSC-like cells with miR-200c overexpression or XIST knockdown. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to detect the expression changing of related factors in BCSC-like cells gene models. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to examine the changes of XIST and miR-200c expression levels.ResultsThe results indicated that miR-200c overexpression and XIST knockdown could inhibit cell clone formation, self-renewal ability and EMT in BCSC-like cells. miR-200c knockdown could restore the tumour growth inhibition caused by XIST knockdown.ConclusionLncRNA XIST may act as an inhibitor of miR-200c to regulate the stemness properties and tumourigenicity of bladder cancer cells, and our findings might reveal a potential strategy of targeting XIST for bladder cancer therapy.
Highlights
The abnormal expression of non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs and long ncRNAs, often contribute to the development of cancers. miR-200c functions as a tumour suppressor that impacts the growth of bladder cancer cells and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)
Tumour sphere formation of human bladder cancer 5637 and T24 cells To explore the effect of miR-200c and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) X inactive specific transcript (XIST) in the human bladder cancer 5637 and T24 cell lines, the maintenance of the stemness properties of bladder cancer stem cells (BCSCs)-like cells was sorted by spherocyst medium and performing sphere formation assays (Fig. 1a)
Our study indicated that the mRNA expression of XIST was significantly higher (Fig. 2b) in the BCSC sphere cells compared to the parental cells by Quantitative real‐time PCR analysis (qPCR)
Summary
The abnormal expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs and long ncRNAs, often contribute to the development of cancers. miR-200c functions as a tumour suppressor that impacts the growth of bladder cancer cells and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). A great deal of advanced research has contributed to the understanding of bladder cancer, molecular mechanisms involved in MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one of the small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) (approximately 18–22 nucleotides) that negatively regulate the target gene expression by binding to the 3′ untranslated regions of the protein-coding transcripts. These have been increasingly demonstrated to play important roles in tumourigenesis, tumour migration and progression [5, 6]. In different human cancers, such as ovarian [9], Xu et al Cancer Cell Int (2018) 18:41 breast [10] and prostate [11] cancers, miR-200c expression is obviously reduced. miR-200c expression has been demonstrated to participate in the regulation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is a biological process responsible for tumour progression, invasion and migration in bladder cancer cells [12]
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