Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) was originally defined as the representative of the non-coding RNAs and unable to encode. However, recent reports suggest that some lncRNAs actually contain open reading frames that encode peptides. These coding products play important roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Here, we summarize the regulatory pathways of mammalian lncRNA-encoded peptides in influencing muscle function, mRNA stability, gene expression, and so on. We also address the promoting and inhibiting functions of the peptides in different cancers and other diseases. Then we introduce the computational predicting methods and data resources to predict the coding ability of lncRNA. The intention of this review is to provide references for further coding research and contribute to reveal the potential prospects for targeted tumor therapy.
Highlights
Non-coding RNA is widely described as a class of RNA molecules transcribed from genomic DNA without coding capability [1]
We review the functions of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-encoded peptides in human diseases, especially in cancers
In this review, we focused on the functions of mammalian lncRNA-encoded peptides oriented toward pathways and diseases, especially in tumors
Summary
Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is widely described as a class of RNA molecules transcribed from genomic DNA without coding capability [1]. Some studies have discovered that the NMD process may occur during the interaction between lncRNAs and ribosomes [32, 33] Another lncRNA, EPR, on the polyribosome is identified to have a 213 nucleotide-long ORF, which can recover mRNA stability by weakening the effect of the KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KHSRP), while overexpressing the EPR-encoded polypeptide can promote epithelial cell tight junctions [34]. LncRNA-encoded peptides can prevent mTORC1 activation to influence muscle function and regulate the SERCA pump activity to control muscle contraction time They can involve in mRNA stability and mediate gene expression or cellular homeostasis maintenance processes, and strengthen the MRC effect and ROS production.
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