LLTP-QoS: Low Latency Traffic Prioritization and QoS-Aware Routing in Wireless Body Sensor Networks

Fatima Tul Zuhra,Khaled Mohamad Almustafa,Khalid Haseeb,Naveed Islam,Tanzila Saba,Kamalrulnizam Bin Abu Bakar,Adnan Ahmed Arain

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2947337

Abstract

Wireless Body Sensor Network (WBSN) is deployed in delay-sensitive application scenarios where providing Quality-of-Service (QoS) is utmost important. The QoS-aware routing protocol not only discovers a route from source to destination but also satisfies QoS requirements in heavily loaded wireless networks. Emergency/critical data packets must reach the intended destination without incurring significant delays and fulfill multiconstrained demands (reliability, delay, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR)) of heterogeneous applications. Congestion occurs in heavy traffic situation when the incoming traffic load exceeds the capacity of transmission link, buffer overflows, packet collision, channel contention. Consequently, it impacts QoS in terms of packet loss, end-to-end delay and PDR. Moreover, the selection of poor links/routes may have detrimental impacts of the performance of WBSN and there can be significant variations in throughput, delay, network lifetime, route stability performance. Majority of the existing priority-aware routing protocols proposed for Medium Access Control (MAC) layer to solve the slot allocation problem by which data packets are classified into different categories. However, less attention has been given to traffic prioritization at network layer for data categorization. Furthermore, optimized traffic prioritization has been overlooked, thereby increases the data redundancy, queue/link delay, data loss and decreases the reliability of the network, and it does not satisfy the QoS requirements of WBSN and affects the critical data to be delivered in a less privileged manner. This work proposes the Low Latency Traffic Prioritization scheme for QoS-aware routing (LLTP-QoS). The LLTP-QoS is designed to enhance the transmission of critical data in a privileged manner (reliability) and avoids the end-to-end delay. The performance of proposed scheme is evaluated in terms of throughput, average end-to-end delay, PDR, normalized routing load, network lifetime through extensive simulations using Network Simulator-2 (NS2). The simulation results verified improved performance of proposed LLTP-QoS scheme as compared to existing routing protocols.

Highlights

In healthcare applications of Wireless Body Sensor Network (WBSN), some heterogeneous biosensor nodes are attached or implanted inside the human body to monitor various aspects of human health
The QoS performance of the LLTP-QoS routing protocol with the traffic prioritization (LLTP)-QoS protocol is analyzed with the simulation in terms of throughput, average end-to-end delay, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), normalized routing load and network lifetime
The traffic prioritization in PriorityAware AODV (PA-AODV) is based on the data rates and the highest priority is assigned to the data packet which has high data rate value

Summary

Introduction

These biosensors sense the physiological data (blood pressure, The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Yejun He. temperature, Electrocardiogram (ECG), glucose, etc.) and transmit it to the master node [1]–[3]. Due to the heterogeneous nature, the physiological data requires a different kind of Quality-of-Service (QoS) to transmit without data loss/path loss and delay.

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Results

Conclusion