LLMs-Healthcare: Current applications and challenges of large language models in various medical specialties

Abstract

The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in utilizing large language models (LLMs) in the health-care sector, emphasizing their transformative impact across various medical domains. LLMs have become pivotal in supporting healthcare, including physicians, health-care providers, and patients. Our review provides insight into the applications of LLMs in healthcare, specifically focusing on diagnostic and treatment-related functionalities. We shed light on how LLMs are applied in cancer care, dermatology, dental care, neurodegenerative disorders, and mental health, highlighting their innovative contributions to medical diagnostics and patient care. Throughout our analysis, we explore the challenges and opportunities associated with integrating LLMs in healthcare, recognizing their potential across various medical specialties despite existing limitations. In addition, we offer an overview of handling diverse data types within the medical field.