Living Seed Materials Made by Metal–Organic Framework‐Encapsulated Bacillus Subtilis Spore

Abstract

AbstractGenetically modified microorganisms (GMMs) possess significant potential for a wide range of applications; however, their execution in real‐world scenarios, particularly in environments characterized by scarce nutrients and unpredictable conditions, proves daunting. Drawing inspiration from the adaptability of natural seeds, living seed materials that combine a core–shell structure ZIF‐8 and genetically engineered spores are introduced. By genetically modifying the Bacillus subtilis strain to express distinct fluorescent proteins, the visualization of spores within the hollow sphere is facilitated, allowing for differentiation between spore and bacteria states. Importantly, the ZIF‐8 shell exhibits responsiveness to diverse nutrient levels, providing enhanced environmental resistance in comparison to bare spores upon exposure to hypochlorous acid, UV‐C radiation, and even vacuum conditions. Moreover, the potential of living seed materials for living sensors of small molecules is showcased by elucidating that spores can be resuscitated into functional bacteria after release from ZIF‐8 material. This research establishes a novel approach for the general fabrication of Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOF)‐based living spore hybrid materials, offering environmentally controlled release of living materials across a multitude of applications.