Living Radical ab Initio Emulsion Polymerization of n-Butyl Acrylate by Reverse Iodine Transfer Polymerization (RITP): Use of Persulfate as Both Initiator and Oxidant

Abstract

Reverse iodine transfer polymerization (RITP) represents a new straightforward way to prepare controlled macromolecular architectures and relies on the use of molecular iodine (I2) as control agent. In this work, a one-step ab initio emulsion polymerization of n-butyl acrylate in the presence of molecular iodine has been successfully performed with potassium persulfate playing the dual role of radical initiator and oxidant. The polymerization was initiated by potassium persulfate at T = 85 °C with sodium 1-hexadecanesulfonate as surfactant, yielding a stable and uncolored latex. The hydrolytically disproportionated iodine was regenerated by potassium persulfate as oxidant (also serving as radical initiator), leading to the expected targeted molecular weight (e.g., butyl acrylate conversion = 99%, Mn,theoretical = 10 100 g mol-1, Mn,SEC = 9800 g mol-1, Mw/Mn = 1.8, particle diameter dp = 83 nm with a monomodal particle size distribution). The use of potassium persulfate as both radical initiator and oxidant offers a convenient way to overcome the upward deviation of the molecular weights due to hydrolytic disproportionation of iodine, which was a limitation for the implementation of the RITP process in dispersed aqueous media. The persulfate is able to regenerate iodine, and hence the molecular weight of the polymer chains can be accurately controlled by the concentration of iodine. Furthermore, a poly(butyl acrylate)-b-poly(butyl acrylate-co-styrene) block copolymer was synthesized in seeded emulsion polymerization, proving the living character of the polymerization.