Abstract
The present article discusses the ways in which ethnic Japanese Muslim women are perceived and treated in contemporary Japanese society, through a case study of one Japanese female convert. It examines the complexity found in her experiences of marginality by highlighting three inter-related modes of marginalization: marginality deriving from being a Muslim, from being a Japanese Muslim and from being a woman. It discusses her responses to these discourses of marginalization and how she establishes her identity as a Muslim, through responding to them. The article first shows that ethnic Japanese Muslims suffer ‘inverted marginality’—marginalization due to belonging to the ethno-cultural majority. It then demonstrates their experience of ‘double marginality’, marginalization by the wider Japanese society and foreign-born Muslims alike. It argues that their experience of double marginality has partly resulted from the absence of a self-sufficient ethnic community of Japanese Muslims. Ethnic Japanese Muslim women experience further marginalization when they become targets for criticism of Islam, such as that Islam is a religion of female subjugation—a notion of gender orientalism that deprives these women of their agency. However, the process of responding to these challenges of marginality helps ethnic Japanese Muslim women consolidate their identity as Muslims.
Highlights
For many Japanese living in the second decade of the twenty-first century, it is no news that there is a small Muslim community in Japan
The present article explores the ways in which ethnic Japanese Muslim women experience their marginality in contemporary Japanese society and how they construct their identities in response to such experiences, through a case study of one Japanese female convert to Islam, Naoko Kawada (1957-)
The present article has examined the experiences of ethnic Japanese Muslim women in terms of three modes of marginality: marginality deriving from being a Muslim, from being Japanese and from being a woman
Summary
For many Japanese living in the second decade of the twenty-first century, it is no news that there is a small Muslim community in Japan. The present article explores the ways in which ethnic Japanese Muslim women experience their marginality in contemporary Japanese society and how they construct their identities in response to such experiences, through a case study of one Japanese female convert to Islam, Naoko Kawada (1957-). The present study is mainly based on the interviews I conducted with Kawada from 2018 to early 2019 in the Kansai area, where she plays a leading role among ethnic Japanese Muslim women.3 The discussion of her experiences draws on her publications and newspaper articles that feature her. She willingly shared her experiences with and feelings about Japanese society, Japanese women, foreign-born Muslims as well as fellow ethnic. She has read the draft version of the article and agreed to its publication
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