Abstract
PURPOSE: A confined environment is typical for long term expeditions, i.e. Antarctica and Space. During a 4 months international Space mission simulation in the SIRIUS habitat in Moscow, the influence of isolation and different endurance exercise trainings (continuous/interval exercise) as countermeasures were studied. The analysis was focused on pulmonary oxygen uptake (V’O2) and heart rate (HR) regulations and steady states. METHOD: Six healthy individuals (3 males, 35±6 y, 22±1 kg·m-2) received continuous and interval treadmill training (4 wk each in a cross over design). 7 exercise tests were performed: Before (PRE), after 1 wk of isolation (IN1), after 2, 4 wk of training (CON1/2, INT1/2) and 1 wk after isolation (POST). The protocol on a treadmill consisted of 300 s of constant speeds (3, 6, 9 km·h-1) and pseudo-random changes of speed (3/6 km·h-1). HR and V’O2 kinetics responses were assessed by cross correlation functions (CCF) of speed vs. the respective parameter (Hoffmann et al., EJAP 113:1745-1754, 2013). ANOVA was applied to detect influences from mission day and training mode (MD) with Bonferroni’s post-hoc test. Level of significance was set to α = 5%. RESULTS: Regarding V’O2, no effects of MD were found for kinetics but for steady states. HR was significantly influenced by MD for both, kinetics (see Fig.) and steady states. The detailed analysis revealed differences for PRE/IN1 compared to the other days. No significant differences were found between INT and CON. HR steady states decreased during the mission (e.g. CON2/9 km·h-1: 120±11 bpm) compared to PRE and POST values (e.g. PRE/POST 9 km·h-1: 142±11 bpm / 132±9 bpm). CONCLUSIONS: The specific environment and controlled daily routines influence V’O2 and HR during exercise. Endurance exercise training during 4 months of confinement prevent or even improve HR regulations. These data are in line with findings from other simulation studies.
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