Livestock manure as an alternative attractant for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in guava tree

Rosenya Michely Cintra Filgueiras,Ricardo Braga De Farias,Cristiane Ramos Coutinho,Francisco Roberto De Azevedo,Raul Azevedo

doi:10.1590/1983-40632016v4637793

Rosenya Michely Cintra Filgueiras, Ricardo Braga De Farias + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632016v4637793

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Fruit flies are typically managed using hydrolyzed protein, which is difficult for family farmers to obtain. This study aimed at assessing the efficiency of livestock manure for monitoring and/or controlling this pest in guava tree orchards. The first experiment tested the efficiency of guava juice and manure from cattle, sheep, pig, horse and chicken as attractants for fruit flies. Once the best bait had been established, a second experiment was conducted using guava juice and chicken manure extract at concentrations of 10 %, 30 %, 50 %, 70 % and 100 %. A third assay analyzed guava juice and chicken manure extract (10 %) at three attractant aging periods (3, 7 and 14 days after trap installation). The cost-effectiveness ratio between guava juice and extract was also analyzed. It was concluded that fruit flies prefer the chicken manure extract (10 %), with greater capture observed three days after trap installation, which can replace the guava juice in the agroecological management of fruit flies in guava trees in family farms, since it is low cost and efficient.

Highlights

Brazil is the third largest fruit producer in the world, with an annual average of 40 million metric tons (Anuário... 2010)
Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is one of the fruits most affected by fruit flies in Brazil
Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann and Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) are a significant problem for fruit farming, due to the direct damage they cause in the field, especially in certain regions, and because of the quarantine barriers imposed by countries that import fresh fruits (Lima et al 2012)

Summary

Introduction

Brazil is the third largest fruit producer in the world, with an annual average of 40 million metric tons (Anuário... 2010). Brazil is the third largest fruit producer in the world, with an annual average of 40 million metric tons According to Veloso et al (2012), farmers who obtain high quality fruits, free of pests, diseases and physiological disorders, can find new markets. Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is one of the fruits most affected by fruit flies in Brazil. Fruit fly populations are managed using toxic baits and insecticide sprays, primarily organophosphates and pyrethroids, to control eggs/larvae inside fruits and adult flies outside them (Carvalho 2004). This technique is considered efficient for controlling insect pests, insecticides, organophosphates, are highly toxic, negatively affecting both natural enemies

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