Abstract
DURING the War, the publication of the annual reports of the Liverpool Observatory and Tidal Institute was discontinued, the last report issued for general circulation being that for 1939. Publication is now resumed with a combined report for the years 1940-45 ; this also embodies a centenary report on the Liverpool Observatory, which was opened in 1845. The Liverpool Dock Act of 1841 gave powers to the town council to build and maintain a marine observatory out of the dock dues ; the early work consisted of time determination (the results being notified to ships in port by a time-ball), meteorological observations and forecasts, and the rating of chronometers. The first director, Hartnup, was a pioneer in showing the principal source of error in chronometers to be variable temperature, and he instituted the now standard tests in chambers at controlled temperatures.
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