Liver mitochondrial membrane permeability modulation in insulin-resistant, uninephrectomised male rats by Clerodendrum volubile P. Beauv and Manihot esculenta Crantz

Ebenezer I O Ajayi,Pinakin Karpe,Vinod Kumar,Jasmine Kaur,Venkateswara R Amara,Olorunfemi R Molehin,Omotade I Oloyede,Kulbhushan Tikoo

doi:10.1186/s40816-019-0124-0

Abstract

BackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which occurs in people who are not alcohol drinkers, describes some of the pathogenic conditions that may be in the least characterized by simple steatosis or can be as serious as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Its mechanistic pathogenesis has been said to arise from insulin resistance and oxidative stress, which may be compounded by obesity. An experimental model showing, systemic insulin resistance, obesity and accumulated hepatic fatty acids was created in adult male rats using high-fat diet manipulation and surgical removal of the left kidney (uninephrectomy). This study sought to identify the impact of these multiple burdens on the liver mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore opening, and the possible in vitro effects of the extracts of Clerodendrum volubile and Manihot esculenta leaves on the membrane permeabilization.ResultsThe results indicated that the methanolic extract of Clerodendrum volubile leaf inhibited mitochondrial membrane pore opening in the insulin resistance condition or when it is followed by uni-nephrectomy, while the ethanolic extract of Manihot esculenta leaf does the same in the insulin resistance condition both prior to and following uni-nephrectomy.ConclusionSince the vegetable extracts were able to abrogate mitochondrial pore opening at low concentrations, the structural integrity of the mitochondria can possibly be restored over time if treated by the vegetable extracts. Research efforts should, therefore, be made to harness the drugability of the bioactives of these vegetables for use in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease arising from insulin resistance and renal failure.

Highlights

Multiple burden diseases including diabetes, obesity, inflammation, and infection are often consequences of reduced liver functions [1, 2]
Ethanolic extract of Manihot esculenta leaf induced pore opening in high-fat-diet-fed rats at 200 μg/ml and 600 μg/ ml (Additional file 10) and in uni-nephrectomized, highfat-diet-fed only at 1400 μg/ml (Additional file 11). These observations show that the crude vegetable extracts of these edible plants are capable of modulating mitochondrial pore opening in rat liver
Following the mitochondrial isolation protocol, no whole cells or nuclei were seen by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the mitochondria were essentially free of other contaminants

Summary

Introduction

Multiple burden diseases including diabetes, obesity, inflammation, and infection are often consequences of reduced liver functions [1, 2]. Evidence from established studies in both humans and animal models suggest that an immediate reduction in liver functions will likely contribute to metabolism dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress [4] and the development of the disease. The non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has been strongly linked to metabolic syndrome [5], and together they are associated with a state of chronic low-level inflammation and stress [6]. It encompasses a wide spectrum of pathological conditions, ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis [7]. This study sought to identify the impact of these multiple burdens on the liver mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore opening, and the possible in vitro effects of the extracts of Clerodendrum volubile and Manihot esculenta leaves on the membrane permeabilization

Methods

Results

Conclusion