Abstract
A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with low-gossypol cottonseed meal (LCSM) on liver immune of silver sillago Sillago sihama Forsskál (1775). Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated with 0%, 16%, 32%, 48% and 64% LCSM replacing FM level (supplemented with methionine and lysine, named LCSM0, LCSM160, LCSM320, LCSM480 and LCSM640). Growth indices were significantly higher in the LCSM0 and LCSM160 groups than in the LCSM480 and LCSM640 groups. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations in the liver of the control group were higher than those of the treatment group. Liver catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), lysozyme (LYZ) activity, immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels and total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC) levels were highest in LCSM320 group. Dietary LCSM substitution up-regulated the expression of liver interleukin 10 (IL-10) and downregulated tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), target of rapamycin (TOR), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGF-β3) expression. The relative mRNA expression level in liver nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and interleukin one beta (IL-1β) was not affected by dietary LCSM levels. The fish meal replacement level reached 32% and some genes in the complement pathway were significantly up-regulated (p < .05) including complement component 3 (C3), complement factor H (CFH), complement factor B (CFB) and MBL-associated serine protease 1 (MASP1). These results show that 16% of the fish meal replaced by LCSM with amino acids (methionine and lysine) supplementation did not significantly reduce immunity or antioxidant parameter compared with the FM-based control.
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