Abstract
Inspired by recent technological advances in the gaming industry, we used capture cards to create and LIVE-stream high quality 3D-images. With this novel technique, we developed a real-life stereoscopic 3D full-body illusion paradigm (3D projection). Unlike previous versions of the full-body illusion that rely upon unwieldy head-mounted displays, this paradigm enables the unobstructed investigation of such illusions with neuroscience methods (e.g., transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, electroencephalography, and near-infrared spectroscopy) and examination of their neural underpinnings. This paper has three aims: (i) to provide a step-by-step guide on how to implement 3D LIVE-streaming, (ii) to explain how this can be used to create a full-body illusion paradigm; and (iii) to present evidence that documents the effectiveness of our methods (de Boer et al., 2020), including suggestions for potential applications. Particularly significant is the fact that 3D LIVE-streaming is not GPU-intensive and can easily be applied to any device or screen that can display 3D images (e.g., TV, tablet, mobile phone). Therefore, these methods also have potential future clinical and commercial benefits. 3D LIVE-streaming could be used to enhance future clinical observations or educational tools, or potentially guide medical interventions with real-time high-quality 3D images. Alternatively, our methods can be used in future rehabilitation programs to aid recovery from nervous system injury (e.g., spinal cord injury, brain damage, limb loss) or in therapies aimed at alleviating psychosis symptoms. Finally, 3D LIVE-streaming could set a new standard for immersive online gaming as well as augmenting online and mobile experiences (e.g., video chat, social sharing/events).
Highlights
Out-of-body experiences (OBEs) are brief subjective episodes in which a person experiences the world from an illusory location outside their physical body
OBEs offer a unique insight into the functional brain and, more precisely, how the mind and body work together to construct a coherent sense of self in space and time ((Metzinger, 2013); for a critical review (Aspell et al, 2012))
This section will address some of the challenges that led us to develop 3D LIVE-streaming and create a novel Full-body illusion (FBI) paradigm
Summary
Out-of-body experiences (OBEs) are brief subjective episodes in which a person experiences the world from an illusory location outside their physical body (i.e., disembodiment). This technique was used to create a stereoscopic 3D full-body illusion: video images are captured and streamed to a computer and are merged and displayed/projected in real time onto a large screen. This section covers details regarding the current constraints of combining noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques with HMDs. the effectiveness of these new methods is illustrated using some data from our published experiment, which combined a full-body illusion paradigm with high definition tDCS
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