Abstract
BackgroundInfluenza A virus in swine (IAV‐S) causes an acute respiratory disease of swine which results in great economic losses in pig production. Major control strategies include the use of killed vaccines (KV) in breeding females to confer passive immunity to their offspring. A bivalent H1N1 and H3N2 NS1‐truncated live attenuated IAV‐S vaccine have recently become available, which showed promising results in young pigs.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an intranasal vaccination of newborn pigs with or without maternally derived antibodies (MDA) on virus shedding (via nasal swabs tested by virus isolation).MethodsThe study was performed as intratracheal challenge experiments with either a heterologous H1N2 or H3N2 viruses.Results and conclusionThe results of this study showed a significant decrease in the incidence and duration of shedding viable virus for vaccinated newborn piglets with or without MDA, providing strong evidence that intranasal vaccination is overcoming passively acquired maternal immunity. This study indicates that intranasal vaccination with a truncated NS1 live attenuated IAV‐S vaccine of newborn piglets with maternal antibodies can be a valuable tool for reducing the prevalence of heterologous H1N2 and H3N2 IAV‐S in pig herds.
Highlights
Influenza type A virus (IAV-S) of the family Orthomyxoviridae causes an acute respiratory disease which results in distinct economic damages in global pork production
The results show that following intranasal vaccination, there was little to no seroconversion in all three experiments
While it is known that killed vaccines (KV) used in breeding females confer only passive immunity to their offspring, understanding the effects of an intranasally applied LAIV to newborn piglets with regard to virus shedding was crucial to further investigate the effect on possible virus transmission
Summary
Influenza A virus in swine (IAV-S) causes an acute respiratory disease of swine which results in great economic losses in pig production. A bivalent H1N1 and H3N2 NS1-truncated live attenuated IAV-S vaccine have recently become available, which showed promising results in young pigs. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an intranasal vaccination of newborn pigs with or without maternally derived antibodies (MDA) on virus shedding (via nasal swabs tested by virus isolation). Results and conclusion: The results of this study showed a significant decrease in the incidence and duration of shedding viable virus for vaccinated newborn piglets with or without MDA, providing strong evidence that intranasal vaccination is overcoming passively acquired maternal immunity. This study indicates that intranasal vaccination with a truncated NS1 live attenuated IAV-S vaccine of newborn piglets with maternal antibodies can be a valuable tool for reducing the prevalence of heterologous H1N2 and H3N2 IAV-S in pig herds. KEYWORDS influenza A virus, live attenuated influenza virus vaccine, maternally derived antibodies, piglets, virus shedding
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