Abstract
The lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) is a recent innovation in the area of electrochemical energy storage that hybridizes lithium-ion battery anode material and an electrochemical double layer capacitor cathode material as its electrodes. The high power compared to batteries and higher energy compared to capacitors has made it a promising energy-storage device for powering hand-held and portable electronic systems/consumer electronics, hybrid electric vehicles, and electric vehicles. The swelling and gassing of the LIC when subjected to abuse conditions is still a critical issue concerning the safe application in power electronics and commercial devices. However, it is imperative to carry out a thorough investigation that characterizes the safe operation of LICs. We investigated and studied the safety of LIC for commercial applications, by conducting a comprehensive abuse tests on LIC 200 F pouch cells with voltage range from 3.8 V to 2.2 V manufactured by General Capacitors LLC. The abuse tests include overcharge, external short circuit, crush (flat metal plate and blunt indentation), nail penetration test, and external heat test.
Highlights
The last decade has seen increasing use of lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) in various applications due to its high power and energy density
One of the challenges faced by lithium-ion capacitors is the difficulty of increasing the energy and power density simultaneously with enhanced safety benefit
Lithium-ion capacitor pouch cells manufactured by General Capacitors were tested
Summary
The last decade has seen increasing use of lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) in various applications due to its high power and energy density. They are gaining traction as a power source in electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) because of the power and energy density and the ability of the LIC to charge and discharge fast. The structure is made of lithium-ion battery anode materials (hard carbon) and electrochemical double-layer capacitor cathode (activated carbon) materials [1,2,3,4]. One of the challenges faced by lithium-ion capacitors is the difficulty of increasing the energy and power density simultaneously with enhanced safety benefit
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