Abstract
Abstract Two lithium-based ionic liquids (ILs, L-C3N3, and L-P3N3) were synthesized and evaluated as novel lubricant additives for multiply alkylated cyclopentanes (MACs). They were found to be approximately 1.0% soluble in MACs at room temperature (RT), whereas traditional ILs, such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (L-B102), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (L-P106), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (L-F102), could not be dissolved in this base oil. Friction tests indicated that these ILs exhibit excellent friction-reducing and anti-wear properties both at RT and at 100 °C. They can improve the tribological properties of MACs at RT to a greater extent than the commonly used lubricant zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (T204), even at a concentration of 0.1%. The load ramp test showed that MACs with L-C3N3 and L-P3N3 also exhibit high load-carrying capabilities. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) results indicated that physical adsorption and complex tribochemical reactions occurred between the ILs and metal surfaces during the sliding process, thereby forming a surface protective film that significantly contributed to the excellent tribological properties of the new ILs.
Highlights
Alkylated cyclopentanes (MACs) are composed of one cyclopentane ring with two to five alkyl groups substituted on the ring
The results show that they have excellent extremepressure, friction-reducing and anti-wear properties when used as lubricant additives for Multiply alkylated cyclopentanes (MACs)
The ionic liquids (ILs) were prepared by blending an appropriate molar ratio of C3N3(OR)3 or P3N3(OR)6 and lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) together
Summary
Alkylated cyclopentanes (MACs) are composed of one cyclopentane ring with two to five alkyl groups substituted on the ring. Numerous studies focused on the application of MACS in patterned lubricant films for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have appeared in the literature due to their outstanding physical, and chemical properties, which include excellent viscosity properties, good thermal stability, high flexibility and very low volatility [1,2,3,4,5]. Taking advantage of these characteristics, researchers expect to expand the use of MACs as liquid lubricants. As far as we know, this work represents the first example of the use of ILs as lubricant additives in MACs
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