Abstract
The effect of mechanical milling on the formation of short titanate nanotube and structural change induced is investigated. Mechanical milling produces the short nanotubes with the length of 30–160 nm. The lithium ion intercalation characteristics of the obtained short titanate nanotube were studied to verify the effect of the newly formed cross‐sections of nanotubes. It was found that the protonated titanate nanotubes maintained long shapes until 30 min of mechanical milling and were transformed into agglomerated nanosheets and finally anatase granules depending on the treatment duration. Through galvanostatic investigation, the nanotubes with milling of 15 min exhibited the highest discharge capacity of 336 mAh·g−1 in first cycle, 12.4% larger than pristine.
Highlights
Nanostructured electrodes fabricated from nanotubes, nanowires, or nanofibers have shown unique rate capability for lithium ion batteries since the distance Li+ ions penetrate is as small as several nanometers in the radius direction which is significantly smaller than that in the usual power
Much attention has been paid to nanotubes for electrochemical lithium storage due to their open, mesoporous structure, large specific surface, efficient transport of lithium ions, and impressive ion-exchange properties, which result in a high value of charge/discharge capacity [7,8,9,10,11,12]
Plodinec et al confirmed that during the mechanical milling treatment the phase transitions from titanate nanotubes to anatase phase and rutile phase were observed since the high-energy ball milling generated defects, and it influenced the composition and the stoichiometry [25]
Summary
Nanostructured electrodes fabricated from nanotubes, nanowires, or nanofibers have shown unique rate capability for lithium ion batteries since the distance Li+ ions penetrate is as small as several nanometers in the radius direction which is significantly smaller than that in the usual power. There is tremendous research interest in the development of nanostructured Li-ion battery electrode with high capacity and excellent cycling stability [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Many researchers have recently prepared titanate nanotubes and developed their electrochemical properties by precise control over their morphology for various applications. It is important to control their size and the morphology to make use of them in suitable applications. Much attention has been paid to nanotubes for electrochemical lithium storage due to their open, mesoporous structure, large specific surface, efficient transport of lithium ions, and impressive ion-exchange properties, which result in a high value of charge/discharge capacity [7,8,9,10,11,12]
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