Abstract
Although lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as energy storage devices have become a close companion in people's daily life since they were commercialized in 1991, their low energy density is not still to meet the demands for the rapid development of modern society, especially for electric vehicles (EVs) and large scale grid-tied storage. Lithium metal is regarded as the most promising anode candidate for the next generation high energy-density batteries such as Li-sulfur and Li-air batteries. However, significant challenges including unstable solid electrolyte interphases, volume change during lithium deposition/stripping and dendrite growth are still hindering the application of lithium metal anode. Can we break through the hedge of the existing Li-ion storage mechanism and find a new way to realize a lithium-based storage? Here, we first demonstrate a new concept of utilizing lithium clusters, a new state of lithium exists, hosted in ZIFs (zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, ZIF-8) as anode material for lithium ion batteries, and show excellent electrochemical performance.
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