Lithium as a Silicate Weathering Proxy: Problems and Perspectives

Abstract

The lithium concentration of the dissolved load from the Lena River, together with major element chemistry and GIS-based area and runoff data demonstrate the importance of evaporites in controlling dissolved Li in river waters. Eighty-four percent of the Li in the dissolved load of upper Lena tributaries comes from evaporites in these drainage basins. Altogether, at least ~20% of the total Li flux of the Lena River originates from this source. This finding has important implications for using lithium as a proxy for silicate weathering. The Li flux and the 87Sr/86Sr ratio are compared in order to address a difference between the two silicate weathering rate proxies. The proposed controls on the dissolved δ7Li values in rivers (kinetic vs. equilibrium isotopic fractionation; Rayleigh-type preferential extraction of the heavy isotope) (Huh et al., Earth Planet Sci Lett 194:189–199, 2001) are evaluated using data from both the Siberian rivers and the Orinoco River. Neither of the proposed mechanisms satisfactorily explains the comprehensive data set. Instead, a ‘mineralogy-specific view’ that emphasizes the difference in the secondary mineralogy (i.e., fractionation factor) is presented as a potential rationalization in the form of the refined Rayleigh-type extraction.