Lithium and Potassium Cations Affect the Performance of Maleamate-Based Organic Anode Materials for Potassium- and Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Kefyalew Wagari Guji,Alagar Ramar,Endazenaw Bizuneh Chemere,Wen-Chen Chien,Fu-Ming Wang,Laurien Merinda,Lester Tiong

doi:10.3390/nano11113120

Abstract

In this study we prepared potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) displaying high output voltage and, in turn, a high energy density, as replacements for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Organic electrode materials featuring void spaces and flexible structures can facilitate the mobility of K+ to enhance the performance of KIBs. We synthesized potassium maleamate (K-MA) from maleamic acid (MA) and applied as an anode material for KIBs and LIBs, with 1 M potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI) and 1 M lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) in a mixture of ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate (1:2, v/v) as respective electrolytes. The K-MA_KFSI anode underwent charging/discharging with carbonyl groups at low voltage, due to the K···O bond interaction weaker than Li···O. The K-MA_KFSI and K-MA_LiFSI anode materials delivered a capacity of 172 and 485 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.1C rate, respectively. K-MA was capable of accepting one K+ in KIB, whereas it could accept two Li+ in a LIB. The superior recoveries performance of K-MA_LiFSI, K-MA_KFSI, and Super P_KFSI at rate of 0.1C were 320, 201, and 105 mA h g−1, respectively. This implies the larger size of K+ can reversibly cycling at high rate.

Highlights

In this study we prepared potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) displaying high output voltage and, in turn, a high energy density, as replacements for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs)
We focused our attention on the insertion potentials and output voltages delivered the redox centers for energy storage—as a negative electrode material for both KIBs andby presence of our the COOHand group of maleamic acid (MA)
FTIR spectra and XRD and DSC measurements were recorded to confirm the structures of MA and its salts KIBs. We synthesized potassium maleamate (K-MA) and Lithium maleamate maleamate (Li-MA) form

Summary

Introduction

In this study we prepared potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) displaying high output voltage and, in turn, a high energy density, as replacements for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Applied as an anode material for KIBs and LIBs, with 1 M potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI) and 1 M lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) in a mixture of ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate (1:2, v/v) as respective electrolytes. The K-MA_KFSI and K-MA_LiFSI anode materials delivered a capacity of 172 and 485 mA h g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.1C rate, respectively. Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are one of the well-known and preferable energy storage systems, due to its long cycle life, high energy density and power density, quite stable cyclic performance which applicable for different electric vehicles, medical, and portable electronic devices. The low abundance of Li in earth crust (0.0017 wt.%) has led to a search for alternative elements (e.g., Na, Mg, Al, Zn) for use in secondary batteries providing high published maps and institutional affiliations

Methods

Results

Conclusion